Wheel studs are typically made from high-strength steel, alloy steel, or stainless steel. The choice of material depends on factors such as the vehicle type, load capacity, and environmental requirements. For example, stainless steel is often used in marine environments or areas with high humidity due to its excellent corrosion resistance

• Dimensions: Wheel studs come in various lengths and diameters to suit different vehicle models. Common diameters range from 1/2 inch to 12 mm, while lengths can vary from 1 to 3 inches.
• Thread Pitch: The thread pitch is crucial for ensuring a secure fit. It is measured in threads per inch (TPI) or millimeters.
• Head Style: The head of the wheel stud can be hexagonal, flanged, or acorn-shaped. The hexagonal head is the most common and provides a good grip for wrenches.
• Torque Specifications: Each wheel stud has a recommended torque value to ensure proper tightness without over-stressing the bolt. This value is usually specified by the vehicle manufacturer.

Proper installation of wheel studs is vital for vehicle safety. They should be installed using the correct tools, such as a torque wrench, to achieve the specified torque. It is also important to ensure that the wheel studs are free from debris and corrosion before installation. In some cases, thread-locking adhesives may be used to prevent loosening due to vibrations.